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{{Infobox Airport| name = Tempelhof International Airport| nativename = Flughafen Berlin-Tempelhof| nativename-a =| nativename-r =| image-width =| caption =| IATA = THF| ICAO = EDDI| type = Public| owner =| operator = Berlin Airports| city-served =| location = Berlin, Germany: Flughafen Tempelhof) is an airport in [Berlin, Germany, situated in the south-central Boroughs of Berlin of Tempelhof-Schöneberg. This airport is commonly known as Tempelhof as well.

Designated by the ministry of transportation on October 8, 1923, Tempelhof became the world's first airport with a subway station in 1927. While occasionally cited as the world's oldest still-operating commercial airport, Kingsford Smith International Airport in Sydney, Australia predates it by three years.

Overview Tempelhof is often called the "City Airport". Tempelhof mostly has commuter flights to other parts of Germany and neighboring countries, but has in the past received long-haul airliners such as the Boeing 747 (picture).

Tempelhof Airport has two parallel runways. Runway 9L/27R has a length of 2094 metres (6870 feet) and Runway 9R/27L has a length of 1840 m (6037 ft). Both runways are paved with asphalt. The taxiway is in the shape of a circle around these two runways, with a single terminal on the north side of the airport.

In 2006, it served 634,538 passengers; however, largely due to the costs and insufficient profitable use of the considerable real-estate, the airport is not profitable. The airport is scheduled for closure in October 2008, and possible other uses for it are being discussed. Many argue that a building of such historical and architectural importance should somehow be preserved.

Airlines and destinations The following regular airlines fly to Tempelhof International Airport:



The following Taxiflights fly to THF:



History The site of the airport was originally Knights Templar land in medieval Berlin, and from this beginning came the name Tempelhof. Later, the site was used as a parade field by Prussian forces, and by unified German forces from 1720 to the start of World War I. In 1909, Frenchman Armand Zipfel made the first flight demonstration in Tempelhof, followed by Orville Wright later that same year. Tempelhof was first officially designated as an airport on 8 October 1923. Lufthansa was founded in Tempelhof on 6 January 1926.

The old terminal, originally constructed in 1927, received politicians and celebrities from around the world during the 1930s. As part of Albert Speer's plan for the reconstruction of Berlin during the Nazi era, Prof. Ernst Sagebiel was ordered to replace the old terminal with a new terminal building in 1934.

The airport halls and the neighboring buildings, intended to become the gateway to Europe, are still known as the largest built entities worldwide, and have been described by British architect Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank as "the mother of all airports". With its façades of shell limestone, the terminal building, built between 1936 and 1941, forms a massive 1.2-kilometre long quadrant yet has a charmingly intimate feel; planes can taxi right up to the building and unload, sheltered from the weather by its enormous overhanging canopy. Passengers walk through customs controls and find themselves in a dazzlingly simple and luminous reception hall. Tempelhof is served conveniently by the U6 (Berlin U-Bahn) along Mehringdamm and up Friedrichstraße (Platz der Luftbrücke (Berlin U-Bahn)).

Zentralflughafen Tempelhof-Berlin had an advantage of central location just minutes from the heart of Berlin and quickly became one of the world's busiest airports. Tempelhof saw its greatest pre-war days during 1938-1939 when more than 52 foreign and 40 domestic aircraft arrived and departed daily.

The air terminal was designed as headquarters for Deutsche Lufthansa, the German commercial airline. As a forerunner of today's modern airports, the building was designed with many unique features including giant arc-shaped hangars for aircraft parking. Although under construction for more than ten years, it was never finished because of World War II.

The building complex was designed to resemble an eagle in flight with semicircular hangars forming the bird's spread wings. A mile long hangar roof was to have been laid in tiers to form a stadium for spectators at air and ground demonstrations

World War II Weserwerke started war production in a new building for assembling Junkers Ju 87 "Stuka" dive bombers and later Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter planes in Tempelhof's underground tunnels. Aircraft engines were trucked to Tempelhof and joined to finished airframes. Germany did not use Tempelhof as a military airfield during World War II, except for occasional emergency landings by fighter aircraft.

Soviet forces took Tempelhof in the Battle of Berlin on 24 April 1945 in the closing days of the war in Europe following a fierce battle with Luftwaffe troops. Tempelhof's German commander, Colonel Rudolf Boettger, refused to carry out orders to blow up the base, choosing instead to kill himself.

In accordance with the Yalta agreements, Zentralflughafen Tempelhof-Berlin was turned over to the United States Army 2nd Armored Division (United States) on 2 July 1945 by the Soviet Union as part of the American occupation zone of Berlin. This agreement was later formalized by the August 1945 Potsdam Agreement, which formally divided Berlin into four occupation zones.

The 852nd Engineer Aviation Battalion arrived at Tempelhof (Code Number R-95) on 10 July 1945 and made the original repairs.

7350th Air Base Group United States Army Air Force units also took over the airfield, and the 862nd Engineer Aviation Battalion built a concrete runway where there had previously only been sod.

With the formation of the United States Air Force in 1947, Tempelhof became a USAF base. The United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) renamed the facility Tempelhof Air Base. Until the Allied Forces' departure in 1993, Tempelhof was divided into a USAF military facility and a separate area dedicated to civil air operations until 1975. The base was also the home of elements of the U.S. Army's Berlin Command during specific periods of crisis during the Cold War.

During its use as a civil airport, Tempelhof was an important component of West Berlin's Cold War status. During that period, many Berliners could travel to and from the City only by air to avoid East German police who were patrolling Soviet Zone autobahns.

Major USAFE units at Tempelhof AB were:



Note: Throughout its service in Berlin the 7350th Air Base Group was renamed several times:



In the immediate postwar period, Tempelhof hosted passengers arriving and departing the Potsdam Conference, and served as Berlin center for the European Air Transport Service (EATS) during the early postwar years. It also supported the mission of the Office of the High Commissioner of Germany (HICOG), and air-sea rescue operations center when USAFE assumed the direct responsibilities of EATS on 20 December 1947, and Tempelhof Air Base being a detached installation of Wiesbaden Army Airfield (HQ USAFE).

In 1971 one of the pilots during the Berlin Airlift, and the original Candy Bomber, Gail Halvorsen, returned to Berlin as the commander of Tempelhof airbase.

Berlin Airlift On 20 June 1948 Soviet authorities, claiming technical difficulties, halted all traffic by land and by water into or out of the western-controlled section of Berlin. The only remaining access routes into the city were three 20-mile-wide air corridors across the Soviet-occupied zone of Germany. Faced with the choice of abandoning the city or attempting to supply its inhabitants with the necessities of life by air, the Western Powers chose the latter course and for the next 11 months sustained the city's 2.5 million residents in one of the greatest feats in aviation history.

"Operation Vittles," as the airlift was unofficially named, began on 26 June when USAF Douglas C-47 Skytrains carried 80 tons of food into Tempelhof, far less than the estimated 4,500 tons of food, coal and other material needed daily to maintain a minimum level of existence. But this force was soon augmented by United States Navy and Royal Air Force cargo aircraft. On 15 October 1948, to promote increased safety and cooperation between the separate U.S. and British airlift efforts, the Allies created a unified command -- the Combined Airlift Task Force under Maj. Gen. William H. Tunner, USAF, was established at Tempelhof. To facilitate the command and control, as well as the unloading of aircraft, the USAF 53rd Troop Carrier Squadron was temporary assigned to Tempelhof.

In addition to the airlift operations, American engineers constructed a new 6,000-ft runway at Tempelhof between July and September 1948 and another between September and October 1948 to accommodate the expanding requirements of the airlift. The last airlift transport touched down at Tempelhof on 30 September 1949.

Cold War As the Cold War intensified in the late 1950s and 1960s, access problems to West Berlin, both land and air, continued to cause tension. USAF aircraft were harassed as they flew in and out of the city. Throughout the Cold War years, Templehof was the main terminal for American, British and French military transport aircraft accessing West Berlin.

USAFE renamed the facility Tempelhof Central Airport on 28 February 1958, and on 15 November 1959 administration of Tempelhof was transferred to Ramstein Air Base.

In addition to its military use, the airport was used by civil airline aircraft until 1 September 1975, when all civil air traffic was transferred to Berlin-Tegel International Airport. Tempelhof was then used solely as a military airport until 3 October 1990 when, as a result of German reunification, the airport was reopened to civil air traffic.

With the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany, the presence of American forces in Berlin ended. The USAF 7350th Air Base Group at Tempelhof was deactivated in June 1993. In July 1994, with President Clinton in attendance, the British, French, and American air and land forces in Berlin were deactivated in a ceremony on the Four Ring Parade field at Tempelhof in accordance with the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany. The Western Allies returned a united city of Berlin to the unified German government.

The U.S. Army closed its Berlin Army Aviation Detachment at TCA in August 1994, ending a 49-year American military presence in Berlin.

Postwar Commercial Use American Overseas Airlines started the first commercial air service after the war with a flight from New York on 18 May 1946. On 20 May 1950, U.S. forces held the first Armed Forces Day, open to the public. Boeing demonstrated its prototype Boeing 727 as the first jet transport plane in Tempelhof on 2 December 1964.

A U.S. Air Force C-5 Galaxy landed at Tempelhof on 17 September 1971, being the first wide-body aircraft to land there. However, with the opening of the newly built terminal at Tegel Airport on 1 September 1975, Pan Am and British Airways moved commercial aircraft operations there and Tempelhof became exclusively used by the U.S. Military.

The ending of the Cold War and German Reunification opened Tempelhof for non-allied air traffic on 3 October 1990. President of the United States Bill Clinton christened a new Boeing C-17 Globemaster III transport plane, Serial 96-0006 as the "Spirit of Berlin" at Tempelhof on 14 May 1998.

Today commercial use is mostly in the form of small commuter aircraft flying regionally. Plans are in place to shut down Tempelhof and Tegel, and have Schoenefeld become the sole commercial airport for Berlin.

See also

References

External links

{{Infobox Airport| name = Tempelhof International Airport| nativename = Flughafen Berlin-Tempelhof| nativename-a =| nativename-r =| image-width =| caption =| IATA = THF| ICAO = EDDI| type = Public| owner =| operator = Berlin Airports| city-served =| location = Berlin, Germany: Flughafen Tempelhof) is an airport in [Berlin, Germany, situated in the south-central Boroughs of Berlin of Tempelhof-Schöneberg. This airport is commonly known as Tempelhof as well.

Designated by the ministry of transportation on October 8, 1923, Tempelhof became the world's first airport with a subway station in 1927. While occasionally cited as the world's oldest still-operating commercial airport, Kingsford Smith International Airport in Sydney, Australia predates it by three years.

Overview Tempelhof is often called the "City Airport". Tempelhof mostly has commuter flights to other parts of Germany and neighboring countries, but has in the past received long-haul airliners such as the Boeing 747 (picture).

Tempelhof Airport has two parallel runways. Runway 9L/27R has a length of 2094 metres (6870 feet) and Runway 9R/27L has a length of 1840 m (6037 ft). Both runways are paved with asphalt. The taxiway is in the shape of a circle around these two runways, with a single terminal on the north side of the airport.

In 2006, it served 634,538 passengers; however, largely due to the costs and insufficient profitable use of the considerable real-estate, the airport is not profitable. The airport is scheduled for closure in October 2008, and possible other uses for it are being discussed. Many argue that a building of such historical and architectural importance should somehow be preserved.

Airlines and destinations The following regular airlines fly to Tempelhof International Airport:



The following Taxiflights fly to THF:



History The site of the airport was originally Knights Templar land in medieval Berlin, and from this beginning came the name Tempelhof. Later, the site was used as a parade field by Prussian forces, and by unified German forces from 1720 to the start of World War I. In 1909, Frenchman Armand Zipfel made the first flight demonstration in Tempelhof, followed by Orville Wright later that same year. Tempelhof was first officially designated as an airport on 8 October 1923. Lufthansa was founded in Tempelhof on 6 January 1926.

The old terminal, originally constructed in 1927, received politicians and celebrities from around the world during the 1930s. As part of Albert Speer's plan for the reconstruction of Berlin during the Nazi era, Prof. Ernst Sagebiel was ordered to replace the old terminal with a new terminal building in 1934.

The airport halls and the neighboring buildings, intended to become the gateway to Europe, are still known as the largest built entities worldwide, and have been described by British architect Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank as "the mother of all airports". With its façades of shell limestone, the terminal building, built between 1936 and 1941, forms a massive 1.2-kilometre long quadrant yet has a charmingly intimate feel; planes can taxi right up to the building and unload, sheltered from the weather by its enormous overhanging canopy. Passengers walk through customs controls and find themselves in a dazzlingly simple and luminous reception hall. Tempelhof is served conveniently by the U6 (Berlin U-Bahn) along Mehringdamm and up Friedrichstraße (Platz der Luftbrücke (Berlin U-Bahn)).

Zentralflughafen Tempelhof-Berlin had an advantage of central location just minutes from the heart of Berlin and quickly became one of the world's busiest airports. Tempelhof saw its greatest pre-war days during 1938-1939 when more than 52 foreign and 40 domestic aircraft arrived and departed daily.

The air terminal was designed as headquarters for Deutsche Lufthansa, the German commercial airline. As a forerunner of today's modern airports, the building was designed with many unique features including giant arc-shaped hangars for aircraft parking. Although under construction for more than ten years, it was never finished because of World War II.

The building complex was designed to resemble an eagle in flight with semicircular hangars forming the bird's spread wings. A mile long hangar roof was to have been laid in tiers to form a stadium for spectators at air and ground demonstrations

World War II Weserwerke started war production in a new building for assembling Junkers Ju 87 "Stuka" dive bombers and later Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter planes in Tempelhof's underground tunnels. Aircraft engines were trucked to Tempelhof and joined to finished airframes. Germany did not use Tempelhof as a military airfield during World War II, except for occasional emergency landings by fighter aircraft.

Soviet forces took Tempelhof in the Battle of Berlin on 24 April 1945 in the closing days of the war in Europe following a fierce battle with Luftwaffe troops. Tempelhof's German commander, Colonel Rudolf Boettger, refused to carry out orders to blow up the base, choosing instead to kill himself.

In accordance with the Yalta agreements, Zentralflughafen Tempelhof-Berlin was turned over to the United States Army 2nd Armored Division (United States) on 2 July 1945 by the Soviet Union as part of the American occupation zone of Berlin. This agreement was later formalized by the August 1945 Potsdam Agreement, which formally divided Berlin into four occupation zones.

The 852nd Engineer Aviation Battalion arrived at Tempelhof (Code Number R-95) on 10 July 1945 and made the original repairs.

7350th Air Base Group United States Army Air Force units also took over the airfield, and the 862nd Engineer Aviation Battalion built a concrete runway where there had previously only been sod.

With the formation of the United States Air Force in 1947, Tempelhof became a USAF base. The United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) renamed the facility Tempelhof Air Base. Until the Allied Forces' departure in 1993, Tempelhof was divided into a USAF military facility and a separate area dedicated to civil air operations until 1975. The base was also the home of elements of the U.S. Army's Berlin Command during specific periods of crisis during the Cold War.

During its use as a civil airport, Tempelhof was an important component of West Berlin's Cold War status. During that period, many Berliners could travel to and from the City only by air to avoid East German police who were patrolling Soviet Zone autobahns.

Major USAFE units at Tempelhof AB were:



Note: Throughout its service in Berlin the 7350th Air Base Group was renamed several times:



In the immediate postwar period, Tempelhof hosted passengers arriving and departing the Potsdam Conference, and served as Berlin center for the European Air Transport Service (EATS) during the early postwar years. It also supported the mission of the Office of the High Commissioner of Germany (HICOG), and air-sea rescue operations center when USAFE assumed the direct responsibilities of EATS on 20 December 1947, and Tempelhof Air Base being a detached installation of Wiesbaden Army Airfield (HQ USAFE).

In 1971 one of the pilots during the Berlin Airlift, and the original Candy Bomber, Gail Halvorsen, returned to Berlin as the commander of Tempelhof airbase.

Berlin Airlift On 20 June 1948 Soviet authorities, claiming technical difficulties, halted all traffic by land and by water into or out of the western-controlled section of Berlin. The only remaining access routes into the city were three 20-mile-wide air corridors across the Soviet-occupied zone of Germany. Faced with the choice of abandoning the city or attempting to supply its inhabitants with the necessities of life by air, the Western Powers chose the latter course and for the next 11 months sustained the city's 2.5 million residents in one of the greatest feats in aviation history.

"Operation Vittles," as the airlift was unofficially named, began on 26 June when USAF Douglas C-47 Skytrains carried 80 tons of food into Tempelhof, far less than the estimated 4,500 tons of food, coal and other material needed daily to maintain a minimum level of existence. But this force was soon augmented by United States Navy and Royal Air Force cargo aircraft. On 15 October 1948, to promote increased safety and cooperation between the separate U.S. and British airlift efforts, the Allies created a unified command -- the Combined Airlift Task Force under Maj. Gen. William H. Tunner, USAF, was established at Tempelhof. To facilitate the command and control, as well as the unloading of aircraft, the USAF 53rd Troop Carrier Squadron was temporary assigned to Tempelhof.

In addition to the airlift operations, American engineers constructed a new 6,000-ft runway at Tempelhof between July and September 1948 and another between September and October 1948 to accommodate the expanding requirements of the airlift. The last airlift transport touched down at Tempelhof on 30 September 1949.

Cold War As the Cold War intensified in the late 1950s and 1960s, access problems to West Berlin, both land and air, continued to cause tension. USAF aircraft were harassed as they flew in and out of the city. Throughout the Cold War years, Templehof was the main terminal for American, British and French military transport aircraft accessing West Berlin.

USAFE renamed the facility Tempelhof Central Airport on 28 February 1958, and on 15 November 1959 administration of Tempelhof was transferred to Ramstein Air Base.

In addition to its military use, the airport was used by civil airline aircraft until 1 September 1975, when all civil air traffic was transferred to Berlin-Tegel International Airport. Tempelhof was then used solely as a military airport until 3 October 1990 when, as a result of German reunification, the airport was reopened to civil air traffic.

With the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany, the presence of American forces in Berlin ended. The USAF 7350th Air Base Group at Tempelhof was deactivated in June 1993. In July 1994, with President Clinton in attendance, the British, French, and American air and land forces in Berlin were deactivated in a ceremony on the Four Ring Parade field at Tempelhof in accordance with the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany. The Western Allies returned a united city of Berlin to the unified German government.

The U.S. Army closed its Berlin Army Aviation Detachment at TCA in August 1994, ending a 49-year American military presence in Berlin.

Postwar Commercial Use American Overseas Airlines started the first commercial air service after the war with a flight from New York on 18 May 1946. On 20 May 1950, U.S. forces held the first Armed Forces Day, open to the public. Boeing demonstrated its prototype Boeing 727 as the first jet transport plane in Tempelhof on 2 December 1964.

A U.S. Air Force C-5 Galaxy landed at Tempelhof on 17 September 1971, being the first wide-body aircraft to land there. However, with the opening of the newly built terminal at Tegel Airport on 1 September 1975, Pan Am and British Airways moved commercial aircraft operations there and Tempelhof became exclusively used by the U.S. Military.

The ending of the Cold War and German Reunification opened Tempelhof for non-allied air traffic on 3 October 1990. President of the United States Bill Clinton christened a new Boeing C-17 Globemaster III transport plane, Serial 96-0006 as the "Spirit of Berlin" at Tempelhof on 14 May 1998.

Today commercial use is mostly in the form of small commuter aircraft flying regionally. Plans are in place to shut down Tempelhof and Tegel, and have Schoenefeld become the sole commercial airport for Berlin.

See also

References

External links



BBC NEWS | Europe | Berlin's forgotten airport nears last flight
Tristana Moore reports on plans to close down Berlin's Tempelhof airport. ... The terminal building is virtually empty - queues at Tempelhof airport are unheard of.

BBC NEWS | Europe | Judgement day for Berlin airport
The BBC's Tristana Moore reports on the battle to save a symbolic, Nazi-era airport on the outskirts of Berlin.

Tempelhof International Airport - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tempelhof International Airport (IATA: THF,  ICAO: EDDI) a.k.a. Berlin Tempelhof (German: Flughafen Tempelhof) is an airport in Berlin, Germany, situated in the south-central ...

Vote Fails to Save Berlin Tempelhof Airport
Bid to keep Berlin's Tempelhof Airport has failed ... An attempt to save Berlin's Tempelhof Airport failed last weekend, with the airport now set for closure in October.

Referendum on Berlin Tempelhof Airport
A referendum on the future of the historic Berlin Tempelhof Airport is to be staged on 27th April 2008

Category:Tempelhof International Airport - Wikimedia Commons
Pages in category "Tempelhof International Airport" This category contains only the following page. F. Flughafen Berlin-Tempelhof

Tempelhof Airport
Holocaust photograph: Tempelhof Airport ... Tempelhof Airport Photo credit: Florida Center for Instructional Technology

berlin tempelhof airport car hire - cheap car rental in berlin ...
Car rental in berlin tempelhof airport offers the perfect opportunity to enjoy more of what this expansive continent has to offer. Holiday Autos offers the best fully inclusive ...

Merkel joins battle over Tempelhof airport | Business | The ...
With construction under way on a new €2bn (£1.35bn) Berlin airport, capable of handling up to 25 million passengers a year, the future of the historic Tempelhof site is at the ...

Mercure Hotel Berlin Tempelhof Airport - Berlin
The hotel Mercure Berlin Tempelhof Airport is located in the south of Berlin, right on the Harmannstrasse, close to the Potsdamer Platz and all objects of interest of Berlin...

 

Tempelhof Airport



 
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